Translation Samples

Figure 2 shows an SEM image of the Pt/mordenite zeolite catalyst. The image indicates the catalyst has a homogeneous morphology. The surface area is key in the catalyst activity. Higher surface area improves the reactant adsorption. The catalysts surface area was measured by BET. The surface area of Pt/mordneite zeolites were 296.69 m2/gm. The XRDs pattern of Pt/mordenite zeolite (Figure 3) exhibits the most intense diffraction at 2θ = 6 - 30o, and it thus confirmed structure of zeolite as the MOR as well as its crystalline nature being good.
The hydroisomerization of pure n-pentane and n-pentane in a binary mixture of pentane isomers was performed by the Pt/mordenite catalyst for wide ranges of experimental conditions. The hydrological conversion products comprise of both isomerization and cracking products. Hence the following subsections discuss reaction parameters effects with the catalytic performance of pure n-pentane as feed are demonstrated by catalytic activity and isomerization selectivity. After this, the isomerization of n-pentane in the bi mixture is discussed.
Figure 4 shows the conversion of npentane as a function of reaction temperature. The tests were performed in an H2 environment at temperatures ranging from 150 - 350 °C at atmosphere pressures. It clearly shows that the catalyst showed a high catalysing activity for the isomerization of npentane, particularly in the temperature ranging in 220-350 ° C. Because of the low activity of the catalyst and the low reactivity of n-pentane, the conversion of n-pentane is negligible from temperatures below 180 °C. By increasing the temperature at 180 to 220 °C, the conversion of n-pentane rose greatly; however, a further increase in temperature slowly rises conversion. This can be caused by an increasing the number of sites which can be activated for the reaction when the temperatures increases in the range from 180 - 220 °C; but, the rate of conversion decreases because of thermodynamic restriction at bigger temperature. In other words, an increasing temperature always means increasing reaction rate. Thus at low temperatures the actual conversion will be far below the equilibrium conversion because of low reaction rate. On the contrary at higher temperatures the equilibrium conversion will be more easy due to a high reaction rate.

Figure 2shows anAn SEM image of the Pt/mordenitezeolite catalyst. The image  is shown in Figure 2 and indicatesthat thecatalyst has a homogeneous morphology. The surface area isplays akey rolein the catalystcatalyticactivity. HigherHigh surface areaimproves the reactant adsorption. ofreactants. The catalysts surface area of thecatalyst was measured by BET. surface analysis.1 The surface area of Pt/mordneite2mordenitezeolites were 296.69 m²/gm. The XRDsXRDpattern of Pt/mordenite zeolite (Figure 3) exhibits the most intensediffraction peaks at 2θ = 6 - 30^o, and it thusconfirmed 30^othe MOR structure ofzeolite asthe MOR as well asand its good crystallinenature beinggood. are thus confirmed.3

The hydroisomerizationof pure n-pentane and n-pentane in a binary mixture of pentane isomers wasperformed by the Pt/mordenite catalyst forunder awide rangesrangeof experimental conditions. The hydrological hydro-4conversionproducts comprise of both isomerization and cracking products. Hence theThefollowing subsections discuss cover how the reactionparameters effects withaffect thecatalytic performance of pure n-pentane as the feed are, which isdemonstrated by catalytic activity and isomerization selectivity.5 After thisThen,the isomerization of n-pentane in the bibinarymixture is discussed in the last part of this section6.

Figure 4 showsthe conversion of npentane as a function of reaction temperature. The testsreactions7were performed in an H₂ environment at temperatures ranging from 150- 350 °C at atmosphere pressures. It clearly shows that the catalyst showed ahigh catalysing activity for the isomerization of npentane,particularly in the temperature ranging inrange of 220-350° C. Because of the low activity of the catalyst and the low reactivity ofn-pentane, the conversion of n-pentane is negligible from temperatures below180 °C. By increasing the temperature at 180 to 220 °C, the conversion ofn-pentane roseincreased greatly;however, a further increase in increasingthe temperature slowly risesfurther results in a slow8conversion. This can be caused by an increasing the number of siteswhich can be activated for the reaction when the temperatures increases in therange from 180 - 220 °C; but, the rate of conversion decreases because ofthermodynamic restriction at bigger temperature. In other words, an increasingthe temperaturealways meansincreasingresults in a higher reaction rate.Thus at low temperatures, the actual conversion will be farbelow the equilibrium conversion because of low reaction rate. On the contraryat higher temperatures the equilibrium conversion will be more easy due to a highreaction rate.

Figure 2shows anAn SEMA scanning electron microscopy1 image of thePt/mordenite zeolite catalyst. The image  is shown in Figure 2and which indicatesthat thecatalyst has a homogeneous morphology. The surface area plays a key role in the catalyticactivity.  is homogeneousHigher.Highsurface area improves the reactant adsorption, of reactants. thus playing a key role in the catalytic activity2. The catalysts surfacearea ofthe Pt/mordenitezeolite3 catalyst was4 measured by BET.Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface analysis5. Thesurface area of Pt/mordneitemordenite zeoliteswerewas 296.69 m²/gm6.The XRDX-raypowder diffraction pattern of Pt/mordenite zeolite (Figure 3)exhibits the most intense diffraction peaks at 2θ = 6 - 30^o,and it thus confirmed 6°–30^o7, thus confirming the MOR structure ofzeolite asthe MOR as well as and its good crystallinenature beinggood. are thus confirmed.8

Thehydroisomerization of pure Pure n-pentane andn-pentane in a binary mixture of pentane isomers was performed byhydroisomerized usingthe Pt/mordenite catalyst forunder a wide rangesrangeof experimental conditions. The hydrological hydro-conversion9 products comprise ofprocessyielded both isomerization and cracking products. Hence theThe In the followingsubsections, discuss cover howthe effects of reaction parameters effects with10affect on thecatalytic performance of pure n-pentane as the feed are which is demonstratedbybased oncatalytic activity and isomerization selectivity. 11After thisThen,the isomerization of n-pentane in the bibinarymixture is discussed in the last part of this section.12

Figure 4 showsthe conversion of npentane n-pentane13 as a function ofreaction temperature. The testsreactions14 wereperformed in an H₂ environment at temperatures ranging from 150 °C to 350 °C at atmospherepressures. It clearly shows that theatmospheric pressure. The catalyst showeda high catalysing activity for the isseen to strongly catalyze the isomerization of npentanen-pentane, particularlyin the temperature ranging inrange of 220 °C-350 °C. Because of the low activity of thecatalyst and the low reactivity of n-pentane, the conversion of n-pentane isnegligible from at temperatures below 180 °C. By increasing thetemperature at from180 °C to 220 °C, theconversion of n-pentane roseincreased greatlysignificantly;however, a further increase in increasingthe temperature slowly risesfurther results in a slowconversion.15 This can be caused by anincreasingattributed to an increase inthe number of sites which that can be activated for the reaction when thetemperatures increases in the range from 180 °C- 220 °C; buthowever,the rate ofconversion decreases ratebegins to decrease as the temperature increases because ofthermodynamic restrictions at bigger higher temperatures. In other words, an increasing the temperaturealways means increasingresults in ahigherfaster reaction rate. ThusatAt low temperatures,the low reaction rates cause the actualconversion will to be far below the equilibrium conversion because of low reaction rate. On the contraryIncontrast at higher temperatures theequilibrium conversion will be more easyis easily achieved due to a the highreaction rate.